Foreign Investment Law of the People's Republic of China

要点解读 Key Points

中文导读

《中华人民共和国外商投资法》是中国外商投资领域的基础性法律，2019年3月15日由全国人大通过，自2020年1月1日起施行，同时废止了“外资三法”（中外合资经营企业法、中外合作经营企业法、外资企业法）。对于在华外国投资者而言，最重要的变化是“准入前国民待遇加负面清单”管理模式的确立，以及一系列投资保护与国民待遇的具体保障。

• 准入前国民待遇加负面清单（第四条）：负面清单之外，外国投资者与内资企业同等准入；清单禁止投资的领域不得投资，限制类领域须符合准入条件——这是外资准入的核心规则。
• 禁止征收与补偿（第二十条）：国家一般不对外国投资者的投资实行征收；因公共利益确需征收的，依照法定程序进行并给予公平、合理的补偿。
• 资金自由汇出（第二十一条）：出资、利润、资本收益、资产处置所得、知识产权许可使用费等，可依法以人民币或外汇自由汇入、汇出。
• 禁止强制技术转让（第二十二条）：外商投资过程中的技术合作由投资各方遵循公平原则平等协商确定，行政机关及其工作人员不得利用行政手段强制转让技术。
• 政策承诺与投诉机制（第二十五、二十六条）：地方政府须履行向外国投资者依法作出的政策承诺和合同约定；国家建立外商投资企业投诉工作机制，及时处理投资者反映的问题。
• 信息报告与安全审查（第三十四、三十五条）：实行外商投资信息报告制度；对影响或者可能影响国家安全的外商投资进行安全审查。

English Key Points

The Foreign Investment Law is China's foundational statute on foreign investment, adopted by the National People's Congress on March 15, 2019 and effective January 1, 2020, replacing the three former foreign investment enterprise laws. Its core innovation is the "pre-establishment national treatment plus negative list" regime, backed by concrete investment protections and national-treatment guarantees.

• Negative list regime (Art. 4): Outside the negative list, foreign investors receive the same market access as domestic investors; investment is prohibited in banned sectors and subject to access conditions in restricted ones — the central rule of foreign market entry.
• Protection against expropriation (Art. 20): The state does not expropriate foreign investment except for public interest, with fair and reasonable compensation under statutory procedures.
• Free capital movement (Art. 21): Capital contributions, profits, capital gains, proceeds from asset disposals, and IP royalties may be freely remitted in or out of China in RMB or foreign currency.
• No forced technology transfer (Art. 22): Technology cooperation in foreign investment is negotiated voluntarily on equal terms; government agencies may not compel technology transfer through administrative means.
• Government commitments & complaint mechanism (Arts. 25-26): Local governments must honor policy commitments and contracts made to foreign investors; a dedicated complaint mechanism handles investor grievances in a timely manner.
• Information reporting & security review (Arts. 34-35): A foreign investment information reporting system applies; investments that affect or may affect national security are subject to security review.

本页面解读基于公开文本整理，仅供参考，不构成法律意见。具体案件请咨询执业律师。
This summary is based on the published text and is for reference only; it does not constitute legal advice. Consult a licensed attorney for your specific case.