Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China (2025 Revision)

要点解读 Key Points

中文导读

《中华人民共和国仲裁法》2025年9月12日修订通过（主席令第54号），2026年3月1日起施行，修订版明确在线仲裁效力、仲裁地规则，并首次在自贸试验区、海南自贸港等区域允许临时仲裁，与国际仲裁实践接轨。

• 在线仲裁（第11条）：仲裁可通过信息网络在线进行（当事人明确表示不同意的除外），与线下仲裁具有同等法律效力。
• 仲裁协议独立存在（第30条）：合同是否成立及其变更、不生效、终止、撤销、无效，不影响已达成的仲裁协议效力；仲裁庭有权确认合同的效力。
• 仲裁协议效力异议（第31条）：可请求仲裁机构、仲裁庭或人民法院决定；一方请求机构/仲裁庭、另一方请求法院的，由法院裁定；须在仲裁庭首次开庭前提出。
• 仲裁协议无效情形（第28、29条）：仲裁事项超出法定仲裁范围、无/限制民事行为能力人订立、一方胁迫；仲裁事项或仲裁机构约定不明且达不成补充协议的，仲裁协议无效。
• 临时措施（第39条）：可能使裁决难以执行或造成其他损害的，可申请财产保全、请求责令或禁止对方作出一定行为；情况紧急可在申请仲裁前直接向法院申请；仲裁机构将申请转交法院，法院依法及时处理。
• 仲裁地（第81条）：当事人可书面约定仲裁地；无约定或约定不明的，按约定的仲裁规则确定，规则无规定的由仲裁庭按便利争议解决原则确定；仲裁地决定仲裁程序适用法和司法管辖法院，裁决视为在仲裁地作出。
• 自贸区临时仲裁（第82条）：涉外海事纠纷，或在自贸试验区、海南自贸港等区域登记企业之间的涉外纠纷，书面约定仲裁的，可选择临时仲裁——以中国为仲裁地、由符合法定条件的人员组成仲裁庭、按约定规则进行，组庭后3个工作日内向仲裁协会备案。
• 境外仲裁机构设点（第86条）：允许境外仲裁机构在自贸试验区、海南自贸港等区域设业务机构开展涉外仲裁；支持中国仲裁机构到境外设点。
• 裁决撤销与执行（第71、73、83、84、88条）：国内裁决撤销6项事由（无仲裁协议、超范围、违反法定程序、伪造证据、隐瞒证据、仲裁员枉法等），法院2个月内裁定；涉外裁决撤销/不予执行4项事由并保留公共利益审查；境外裁决依中国缔结或参加的国际条约或互惠原则向中院申请承认执行。
• 鼓励选择中国仲裁（第87条）：鼓励涉外仲裁当事人选择中国（含特别行政区）仲裁机构、约定中国为仲裁地；仲裁机构、仲裁庭还可依国际投资条约办理国际投资仲裁案件（第94条）。

English Key Points

The Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China, revised and adopted September 12, 2025 (Order of the President No. 54) and effective March 1, 2026, clarifies online arbitration, seat rules, and — for the first time — permits ad hoc arbitration in pilot free trade zones and the Hainan Free Trade Port, aligning with international practice.

• Online arbitration (Art. 11): proceedings may be conducted online unless a party expressly disagrees, with equal legal effect to offline arbitration.
• Separability (Art. 30): the arbitration agreement survives the contract's non-formation, modification, ineffectiveness, termination, rescission or invalidity; the tribunal may confirm the contract's validity.
• Challenging validity (Art. 31): the institution, tribunal or court may decide; the court prevails where both routes are invoked; objections must be raised before the first hearing.
• Invalid agreements (Arts. 28, 29): matters beyond arbitrable scope, incapacity, coercion; or unclear matters/institution with no supplementary agreement.
• Interim measures (Art. 39): property preservation and conduct orders via the court; in urgent cases, apply directly to the court before filing for arbitration.
• Seat of arbitration (Art. 81): may be agreed in writing; the seat determines the procedural law and the supervising court; the award is deemed made at the seat.
• Ad hoc arbitration in FTZs (Art. 82): for foreign-related maritime disputes, or foreign-related disputes between enterprises registered in pilot FTZs, the Hainan FTP or other prescribed regions, parties agreeing in writing may opt for ad hoc arbitration — China as seat, tribunal of qualified persons under agreed rules, filed with the arbitration association within three working days of constitution.
• Foreign institutions (Art. 86): overseas arbitration institutions may open offices in pilot FTZs and the Hainan FTP for foreign-related arbitration; Chinese institutions are supported in going abroad.
• Setting aside and enforcement (Arts. 71, 73, 83, 84, 88): six grounds for setting aside domestic awards (decided within two months); four grounds plus public-interest review for foreign-related awards; foreign awards recognized and enforced via treaties or reciprocity at intermediate courts.
• Choose China (Arts. 87, 94): parties are encouraged to select Chinese (including SAR) institutions and seat; investment-treaty arbitration is expressly accommodated.

本页面解读基于公开文本整理，仅供参考，不构成法律意见。具体案件请咨询执业律师。
This summary is based on the published text and is for reference only; it does not constitute legal advice. Consult a licensed attorney for your specific case.